Pathophysiological aspects of the cutaneous microbiome – immune system axis functioning in atopic dermatitis

Orlova E.A., Kulieva O.A., Levashova O.A., Kandrashkina Yu.A., Sysoeva A.S., Moiseeva I.Ya., Misco V.V.

Penza Institute for Further Training of Physicians of RMACPE of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Penza State University, Penza, Russia
Penza Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care, Penza, Russia

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by impairments of the epidermal barrier, immunological disorders, and alterations in the skin microbiome. Its development is associated with genetic predisposition, defects in the skin barrier, and exposure to allergens. The interaction between the skin microbiome and the immune system plays a key role. In AD, disruption of the skin microbiocenosis triggers inflammatory cascades and exacerbates symptoms. Current treatment approaches are based on restoring the microbiome through interventions targeting the microbiota. The article summarizes known data on the mechanisms of AD and the interaction between the skin microbiome and the immune system, proposing new strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Further research is needed to optimize approaches and identify biomarkers for evaluating therapy outcomes.